PHYSICS OBJECTIVES

APERCEPTION OF PHYSICS OBJECTIVES

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A.    GRADE X

      Chapter1:  “Physical Quantities and Their Units”

Measurement activities are very common in our daily life.measurement process is closely related to quantitiesand its units. For example, you had to make clothes and needed to buy fubric. The shop assistant would  need toknow how much fabric you needed. Telling her that you need fabric with the width 4 and length 10. It would be   insufficient-you have to specify the unit (i.e. the width is 4 metres and 10 metres). Without menyion the unit, the information is incomplete and the shop assistant would have to guess. If you were making trousers for a dolls, the dimensions might be with the width 4 decimeters and the lemght 10 decimeters.

      Chapter 2: “Motion”

Systematic experiment on freely falling objects and objects moving on inclided planes were carried out by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Freely falling objects are objects which are not influenced by any forces except the gravitational forces. Near the surface of the Earth, such object are accelerating. This acceleration is due to the gravitational force acting between the objects and the earth. The direction of the gravitational acceleration vector is towards the center of the Earth. Its magnitude decreases as one over the square of the   distance from the center of the Earth.

      Chapter 3:  “ParticleDynamics’

Have you ever seen taking of the plane?Whwnthe plane is taking off,it is accelerating its speed rapidly. According to second Newton’s law, at that time,  a force must be exerted on that plane. The gasses of main jet engine out toward the rear of the plane exert a strong force to the plane. These ejected gasses  exert an equal and  opposite force on the plane in the        forward direction. This phenomena obey particle dynamics law especially action-reaction law.

      Chapter 4:  “Optical Instrument”

There is so many kind of optical devices which can be used to hekp our activity. One of     them is a simple magnifier. The simple magnifier is composed of a single converging lens that acts, in conjuction with the human eye, to inlarge the image of an object. How large an     object image, and how small we can see on it, depend on the size of imege resulted on the retina. So, how does it works?

      Chapter 5:  “Heat”

Several houses have insulated windows to increase their energy efficiency. These kind of windows are actually constructed from two panes off glass separated by and airfalled glad. Thus, heat flows through three different materials serially as it passes in or out of the house. The termal conductivity of is air about 40 time smaller than of glass. It means, the insulated windows result  in significantly less heat flow than in a single conventional pane of glass. Insulated windows is one of many application of thermal conductivity concept.

      Chapter 6:  “Electric Current”

Have you ever observed a light bulb?The glow of the thin wire filament of it is  occurred the electric current passing through it. Electric energy is transformed to thermal energy which causes the wire’s temperature to became so high that makes it glows. Most practicalelectrical devices depend on electric current. Electric currents can pass through conductors such as wires.

      Chapter 7:  “Electromagnetic Wives”

Radiation is energy that travels and sprreeds out as it goes. Visible light that comes from lamp in your house and radio waves that come from a radio station are two typew of electromagnetic radiation. Other example     of EM radiation are microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. The higher temperature the object than longer the radiation energy release.

Su’ud zaki.2010.Physics-Bringing Science to your life SMA/MA Grade X-Based on standar isi 2006 Bilingual.Jakarta:Bailmu.

B.     GRADE XI

      Chapter 1:  “Motion with Vector Analysis”

An airplane flies from Semarang to Jakarta with the average speed of 800 km/hour. If the airplane arrives at the Jakarta in 48 minutes, what is the distance covered by the plane?

      Chapter 2:  “Dynamics II”

To be able to cross icy surfaces easier, the tires in cars are designed in a special ways. It is meant to increase the friction between the tires and the road so that a truck for example, will not slip. Is there any other way to increase friction?

      Chapter 3: “Work and Energy”

Bungee jumping is a kind of sport for brave people. The legs are tighted with bungee rope, and then from a certain height, they jump and fall down. By using the law of mechanical energy conservation,you can determine their speds when they almost hit the ground.

      Chapter 4:  “Momentum and Impuls”

Rocket launching is a spectacular example on the application of the law of momentum conservation. The       rocket gains propulsion by burning and ejecting its fuel mass. At a certain height, the rocket also gains velocity increase by releasing its fuel tanks. What is momentum/what is its relationship with mass and velocity?

      Chapter 5:  “Rigid Body”

The Eiffel tower-which is 300 m high and was built in 1889-is almost entirely made of iron and steel, both of which are categorized as rigid bodies. The foundation support mare than 7000 tons of iron ans steel. So, what are rigid bodies?

      Chapter 6:  “Fluids”

Slabs of ice float      in the water surface. How can you explain this phenomenon? Is ice weigher than water?.

      Chapter 7:  “Ideal Gas”

A gas ballon files upin the sky since the gas because the ballon is ligther than the surrounding air. Several gases, such as hydrogen and helium, at certain temperature, have smaller densities than air density. It means that those gases have smaller masses than the air has for the same volume. Why does, when the hekium or the hydrogen in the ballon  reduced, the ballon go down? Does this mean that ballon mass gets heavier when the gas filling it decreases?

      Chapter 8:’Laws of Thermodynamics”

The work principle AC of is almost similar to that of a refrigator. AC absorb the heat from one place an then releases it into another. Both devices have pipes and cylinders which send out a coolant substance called Freon. Both device make the coolant substance undergo phase changes; evaporation and condensation, causing heat absorption and heta release totake place. How can the heat absorption and heat release be explained by the law  of thermodynamics?

Purwoko,2009.Fendi.Physics for senior high school year XI 2-Bilingual Based on KTSP 2006.Jakarta:yudhistira.

C.    GRADE XII

      Chapter 1: “Wave Phenomena”

You must have hear sound,seen light, and watched patters in water surface when it was rippling. Sound, light, and ripples in water surface are the examples of wave in our daily lafe. What is wave? How is its form and characteristics?

      Chapter 2: “Sound Wave:

Sounds is a from of mechanical wave. Sound can propagate in liquid, solid, as well as in gases. Sound can be heard loudly, and it also can be heard weakly. What are    the characteristics of sound wave? What       are its in our daily life?

      Chapter 3: “The Light Wave”

During the lesson abut Optical Geometryin classX, we have learnt abut the nature of light relaying toreflection and diffraction. The light reflection and diffraction wewe studied by considering the light as particle. In thes chapter, we will learn about the nature of light if it is considered as wave. What are those natures?

      Chapter 4: “Electrostatics”

Take a glass cylinderand rub is using tissue paper. Take an unused piece of paper and cut it into small pieces. Bring the glass cylinder close to the pieces of paper. What happened? What can phenomena are you ibserving?the glass cylinder rubbed by tissue paper pulls small pieces of paper. This is a phenomenon of static electricity. What ius static electricity?

      Chapter 5: “Magnetic Field”

The magnetism phenomenon has been observed hundreds   year ago. Magnetism can either be generated by people or comes naturally. Scientific developments on magnetism has been applied to important technologies four our lives. Electric bells, telephone sets, up to vacuum cleaners are technologies that apply the science of magnetism. How far is the extent of the science of magnitsm?

      Chapter 6: “Electromagnetic Induction:

Oersted’s discovery that electric current can generated magnetic field but the opposite direction fact that a magnetic field change can generate electriccurrent. This concept is then known as electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction which was discovered by Michael Faraday is now widely used in industry. This important proof about the science contribution in technologyg development and society.

      Chapter 7: “Blackbody Radiation and Quantum Theory of Light”

The various experiments result about blackbody radiation           has given important contribution to modern physics development. The birth of quantum physics can not be separated with the blackbody concept. Energy         quantitation, photoelectric effect, Compton’s effect, and wave-particle dualism property had given as a new and modern perspectives about physics law in the universe. The like electron’s property can be used to image an extremely tiny object in an electron microscope.

      Chapter 8: “Atomic Physics”

Observing the development of atomic theory is just like watching the development ofhuman understanding about in your life. The atom which was previously considered as the smallest thing in the universe, is finally noticed as is finally noticed as the thing which has particles inside. Many models and scientific thought are made in order to reveal the mystery of atom. The revelation    of the mystery is likely able to improve the human understanding abut the universe’s bahaviour.

      Chapter 9: “Special Theory of Relativity”

Newton mechanics whicw ever been considered as a universal law, in fact has a limited boundary. Motion analysis of moving things at a speed approaching the light speed by Newton’s mechanis is no longer valid. Motion analysis of moving things at a speed approaching the light speed can be done well by relativistic mechanics, a branch of physics disciplines pioneered by Albert Einstein with his special Theory of Relativity.

      Chapter 10: “Nuclear Physics”

Sun, a tropical star which is the main energy source for every living thing on the earth actually uses the very effectives fuel. The heat of thousands Kelvin is obtained from a series of nuclear reaction,the reaction theoretically predictedby Einstein through the mass-energy equivalence concept. Nuckear reaction needs materials which have radioactivity ability. What is radioactivity and how does the nuclear reaction mechanism occur?

Purwoko,2009.Fendi.Physics for senior high school year XI 2-Bilingual Based on KTSP 2006.Jakarta:yudhistira.