- The problem of quantum gravity: Combine general relativity and quantum theory into a single theory that can claim to be the complete theory of nature.
- The foundational problems of quantum mechanics: Resolve the problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics, either by making sense of the theory as it stands or by inventing a new theory that does make sense.
- The unification of particles and forces: Determine whether or not the various particles and forces can be unified in a theory that explains them all as manifestations of a single, fundamental entity.
- The tuning problem: Explain how the values of the free constants in the standard model of particle physics are chosen in nature.
- The problem of cosmological mysteries: Explain dark matter and dark energy. Or, if they don't exist, determine how and why gravity is modified on large scales. More generally, explain why the constants of the standard model of cosmology, including the dark energy, have the values they do.
Selasa, 31 Januari 2012
Five Great Problems in Theoretical Physics
How physics work?
How Physics Works
As an experimental science, physics utilizes the scientific method to formulate and test hypotheses that are based on observation of the natural world. The goal of physics is to use the results of these experiments to formulate scientific laws, usually expressed in the language of mathematics, which can then be used to predict other phenomena.The Role of Physics in Science
In a broader sense, physics can be seen as the most fundamental of the natural sciences. Chemistry, for example, can be viewed as a complex application of physics, as it focuses on the interaction of energy and matter in chemical systems. We also know that biology is, at its heart, an application of chemical properties in living things, which means that it is also, ultimately, ruled by the physical laws.Newton's Apple
There is a classic story that Sir Isaac Newton came up with his law of gravity when an apple fell on his head. What is true is that he was on his mother's farm and watched an apple fall from a tree onto the ground when he began to wonder what forces were at work to cause the apple to fall in that way. He eventually realized that they were the same forces which kept the moon in orbit around the Earth, which was his brilliant insight. But, so far as we know, he was never hit in the head with an apple.Jumat, 06 Januari 2012
pressure of ideal fluid
Ideal Fluid
Before we discuss the static fluid, we restrict the fluid prior to what we will learn.Fluid that we will learn this time is fluid idela. Nature - the nature of the ideal fluid is:
1. Incompressible (does not change when under pressure)
2. Non viscosity (when moving does not have friction)
3. The flow is stationary (constant)
3. The flow is stationary (constant)
Static Fluid Definis
Have you ever put water in a glass. Then the water is muted until no part - the water that moves (of course, part - the part in question of a macro). Such circumstances is called static fluid, which is not subjected to fluid transfer part - sections. In the static fluid we will learn about pressure and surface tension.
Pressure Hidrostatis
When we dive in the lake or the ocean, the more we dive in we will feel the pressure increased. Likewise, atmospheric pressure will gradually decreases with increasing altitude. This is why the aircraft cabin pressure should be.However, we are quite difficult to determine the atmospheric pressure at a certain height because the atmospheric density is not constant. For liquids such as water kerapatannya constant, then the pressure will increase linearly with increasing depth appropriate. (Depth is calculated from the fluid surface).
Try, we see that there is fluid in the glass! We consider only the fluid is an ideal fluid.
At the top layers, fluid for atmospheric pressure (Po). However, because the fluid has time to raise the gravity to be pressing on the glass base. Until the stress in the glass of the policy are:
Because pressure is the style of the area per unit area of the bear-style ( 
), then the pressure at the base of the glass are:
), then the pressure at the base of the glass are:
We know that they are the mass of the mass per unit volume, so we assume, the glass is a cylinder. Until the volume is broad base multiplied by height (V = A h)
Thus, the pressure at the base glass hidrostatis are:
Apparently, hidrostatis pressure depending on depth and does not depend on the shape and surface area of the vessel. Until hidrostatis pressure on one type of fluid on the surface of the earth will be the same for all points that have the same depth.
Resources:
http://fisikasma-online.blogspot.com/2010/06/fluida-statis
free fall
Free fall describes any motion of a body where gravity is the only or dominant force acting upon it, at least Initiating. Since this definition does not specify velocity, it also applies to objects Initiating Upward moving. Although strictly the definition excludes motion of an object subjected to other Forces such as aerodynamic drag, in nontechnical usage falling through an atmosphere without a deployed parachute or lifting device is also referred to as free fall. Well because the speed initially equal to zero, so things including free fall motion. Until persamaanya are:
when we want to know over time things get to the floor:
Speed things just before touching the floor:
Just curious if you still try to do the following simple experiment:
Tools needed:
1. A book, eraser, ball, or anything that can be passed
2. Ruler (length measuring instrument)
3. Stopwatch
Step Experiments
1. Take the things that we drop (we take the example of removal).
2. Determine the height from the floor where we will drop the eraser.
3. Once the height is determined, drop removal from the place specified above.Remember that things must fall freely so there can be no encouragement from our hands, let the thing fall freely)
4. We drop equal to removing, run the stopwatch as the start of the computation time.
5. Removing the right turn off the stopwatch when touching the floor. Read the measurement results on the stopwatch.
6. Compare our experiment results earlier in the calculation of the formula. Give your conclusions.
7. To be more confident that you must do the experiment several times.
Although our experiment was very simple but hope to be the basis for the development of science in our country. Start with small things. A leading scientist Sir Isaac Newton discover the Law of universal gravity inspired aple pohonya free fall.
Newton himself often Told the story that he was Inspired to formulate his theory of Gravitation by watching the fall of an apple from a tree.
Newton himself often Told the story that he was Inspired to formulate his theory of Gravitation by watching the fall of an apple from a tree.
Resources:
http://fisika-online.blogspot.com/2010/03/gerak-jatuh-bebas
Isra Miraj and Einstein's Theory
Islamic history to record a unique and difficult to digest the events make sense, Isra and Miraj. In terms, Darwin walked in the evening, while Miraj is a tool (the stairs) to go up. Darwin has the meaning of the prophet Muhammad during the night from the Masjid Al Haram of Mecca to the Al Aqsa Mosque Palestine. Miraj is a continuous journey of Muhammad from Masjid Al Aqsa to the heavens reached the highest heavens Sidratul Muntaha and lands Prophet Muhammad met with Allah. Isra 'and Miraj is the story of the prophet Muhammad to heaven, to seven in the night time. The procession of the travel history of Isra 'and Mi'raj of Prophet Muhammad enshrined in QS. 17.Al-Isra ': one which says"Praise be to Allah who carry His servant by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Aqsa Majidil We have blessed around it so that We might show him some of the signs (greatness) We. (Surat 17.Al-Isra ': 1)
And about the Mi'raj He explained in QS. An-Najm :13-18:
"And he (Prophet Muhammad) saw Gabriel's (in appearance to the original) at all other times, in Sidratul Muntaha. Near (Sidratul Muntaha) is heaven a place to stay. (He saw the Spirit) when Sidratul Muntaha covered by a shroud. Vision does not turn away from the saw, and not (also) go wrong. Indeed, he saw one of the signs (of authority) Lord, the Greatest. "(Surat An-Najm :13-18)
Prophet Muhammad saw directly .
God wants to show some signs of His Prophet. In the Qur'an, An-Najm letter of verse 13 above, there is the word "Yaro" in Arabic meaning "the live". In contrast to the word "Syahida", which means witness musti but not directly. He showed some signs of him directly.
On the understanding of Isra 'and Mi'raj many Muslim people still have a fundamental difference of view, that are divided into:
- Assuming an understanding with Isra 'Mi'raj is just a soul journey, spiritual journey or a metaphor Prophet Muhammad is not the physical body. This understanding is guided by the Qur'anic verses:
QS. 17 Al-Isra ': 60 "... No other dream We show was a test for mankind ..."
- Instead some thought, that isra 'from Mecca to Bait'l-faced with a body or a physical journey. While Mi'raj the sky is the soul or the journey metaphor.
- Understanding of other states that Isra 'Mi'raj is traveling with the body (physical) and can be explained in the knowledge that people understood because it is a real event.
Understanding of physical (physical journey) .
ISRA `MI` RAJ, as a metaphysics of events (unseen), probably not anything special. The truth is not something unusual. Truth is truth naqliyah metaphysics (: dogmatic) which can not be proved by reason, but more pious. Valid least the truth of metaphysics-the mind, not matter as long as it diimani.
Pemahan in physics in many people questioning the Saheeh's Isra `Mi` raj: "what may be human to travel that far in just less than yesterday?". Kafirpun race has challenged the Prophet as informed in the Qur'an in surat Al-Isra: 93.
"Or thou have a house of gold, or ascend to heaven. And we never will believe in your ascension until you send down upon us a book that we read ". Say: "Glory to my Lord, Am I aught but a mortal messenger?"
And in the Hadith
"When the people of Quraish did not believe me (the Prophet said), I stood in Hijr (answer some questions of them). Then He showed me Jerusalem, I get what I want and I explain to them the signs, I memperhatikannya .... "(Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim, and others).
The relationship between the course of events Isra 'Mi'raj with the theory of relativity.
Among them are the similarities and the differences factor in the incident,
The second equation of the story, among others:
• Both are discussing about travel or journey from Earth into space and return to Earth.
• Both discuss the use of factor "Speed" or "speed" high in pemberitaannya
• The concept of separation between two people (or more) is used as a tree or object of discussion in the story.
• Both are discussing about travel or journey from Earth into space and return to Earth.
• Both discuss the use of factor "Speed" or "speed" high in pemberitaannya
• The concept of separation between two people (or more) is used as a tree or object of discussion in the story.
In Isra Miraj, the Prophet left his people on earth to travel into the past to the al-Aqsa Majidil seventh heaven, in the case of the theory of relativity tells the story of two twin brothers A and B, where B twin brothers go out of space.
Up here the case of the above-mentioned case, we are able to take a clear conclusion, that is true Isra Miraj. How could a man unlearned 14 of the past century to create a story or theory can be proved in the 20th century with such details. In other words, the Prophet is not possible to adapt the theories of Albert Einstein who was born after (?).
The theory of relativity.
Theory of relativity discuss the structure of space and time as well as on matters relating to the gravity case. Relativtas Theory consists of two theoretical physics, general relativity and special relativity. Theory of special relativity describes space and time behavior from the perspective of observers moving relative to each other, and related phenomena. Sala of this article discusses only special relativity theories and the effects of so-called dilatation time (from the Latin: dilatare "spread", "delay").
Einstein formulated his theory in a mathematics equation: t '= time to move things
t = time silent thing
v = speed of object
c = speed of light
Explained that the comparison value of the speed of an object with the speed of light, will affect the state of things. The closer to the speed of an object (v) the speed of light (c), the greater the perceived effect (t `): deceleration time. To match the speed of things when the speed of light (v = c), the thing had just arrived in a state of zero. So, but if the speed can exceed the speed of light thing (v> c), the situation changed. Not yet experienced the effects of slowing of time, but rather the time to be backward (-t ').
The way the story of twins or dilatation of time .
Twin Paradox is a result of theories of thinking (Gedankenexperiment or thought experiment) by Albert Einstein based special relativity theories so far are still debates about physics experts. Theory as a whole reflects the travels of two separate twin brothers. One of the twin brothers (A) is living on Earth and the other twin brothers (the traveler (B)) flew out of space solar planets brought them away with the speed of light and the back ground with the same speed. When they met again on earth they found that the age of the twins who take a trip (the traveler) younger than the age of his brother (A) which remained on earth, because the traveler has time dilation phenomenon or phenomena in the course of time dilatation.
Time dilation (dilatation time) is a phenomenon, where an Observer on one point of view, that the hours of the fast moving slower (or faster), actually it depends on the frame of reference where he is. Time dilation can be known only when the speed leads to the speed of light and has dibuktin accurately with Unstable subatomic particle and Precise timing of Atomic Clocks.
Time dilation (dilatation time) is a phenomenon, where an Observer on one point of view, that the hours of the fast moving slower (or faster), actually it depends on the frame of reference where he is. Time dilation can be known only when the speed leads to the speed of light and has dibuktin accurately with Unstable subatomic particle and Precise timing of Atomic Clocks.
Proof theory of relativity.
The study of cosmic rays is a proof of this theory. Found that among the particles produced from particles persingungan primary cosmic rays with the nucleus-nucleus Nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the layer of atmosphere, away thousands of meters above the surface of the earth, that is particles Mu Meson (Muon), was able to achieve the earth's surface. But Muon particle has a part-time (half-life) of two micro-seconds which means the two millionth seconds, half of the Muon mass will melt into an electron. And in the past two millionth seconds, a particle that moves with the speed of light (± 300 000 km / dt), even at best only able to achieve a distance 600 m. Atmosphere height but where Muon formed, the earth's surface, is 20,000 m of which the speed of light can only be achieved over at least 66 micro-seconds. So, how can pass the absurdity of the Muon? Apparently, for moving the high-approaching how fast the speed of light, particle effects, as described in Muon experience relativity theory, which is slowing the time.
Further proof occurred in 1971, the time difference (time dilation) in the twin paradox theories has been proved by "Hafele-Keating-Experiment" by using 2 pieces of high precision clock (Cesium Atomic Clocks High precision) that is set early in the time the same.
Experiment result in a difference the second time on the clock, which is placed between the hours of moving Intercontinental aircraft flying toward the east / west with a reference clock which is placed at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, the time clock on board is reduced / increased depending on the direction of flight.
Experiment result in a difference the second time on the clock, which is placed between the hours of moving Intercontinental aircraft flying toward the east / west with a reference clock which is placed at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, the time clock on board is reduced / increased depending on the direction of flight.
Relativ of hours in the Naval Observatory, at dipesawat reduced 59 times + / -10 nanoseconds in flight eastward, and undergo 273 hours + / -7 nanosecond during the flight to the west. The empirical results prove theories twin paradox in the form macroskopik hours.
With the proof pembukatian, means Albert Einstein's theory relativitasnya directly or indirectly proves that the story of Al-Quran the story of "The Prophet travel the seventh sky and back in one night" is true. Especially the TIME dimension, in its calculations possible.
Any further questions on how the U.S. Jesus, Muslims believe that Jesus Christ, which is recognized as Jesus by Christians, was not killed by those who are pursuing at the time. In fact he has not died. Jesus Christ will return at the end of time, Is Jesus too suffered a similar time course and dilatation? Allah knows best 'environmental shawwab Bish.
Application of relativity theory.
One application of this theory is a tool GPS - Global Postioning System in your Camera is an application results from the general relativity theory and special relativity. In this hour satellite in orbit compared with the hours on the ground as a correction factor of signal delivery.
Akhirul word, I consider that a knowledge of the time dilatation between galaxies is an interesting phenomenon for Muslims. Even this phenomenon is quite common in everyday events and even studied by western scientists to learn about events in the universe. And it should not be something that is prohibited or excessive to better understand the phenomena in nature. To further that we wait for is the advancement of knowledge to be able to express the design of the black hole and wormhole is similar to a combination of both forms of the lotus (or Sidratul Sidrah, and form of the brain in the human body. Until all hope to improve our piety before a Creator.
Reader:
- A New Astronomical Quranic Method for The Determination of The Greatest Speed C ).
- Die Spezielle Relativitätstheorie .
relationship of al qur'an and physics
Al Qur'an Miracles In Physics
Al Qur'an is the word of God that it contains a lot of the miracles that prove this fact.One of them is the fact that a number of scientific truths that we can only said to technology of the 20th century turned out to have been declared a Qur'an about 1400 years ago. However, the Al Qur'an, of course, not a science book. However, in a number of the verse there are many scientific facts that are stated in a very accurate and true that new technologies can be found with the 20th century. These facts can not be found in the Al Qur'an was revealed, and this is more proof that the Koran is the word of God.
AL QUR'AN AND PHYSICS
Secrets of Iron
Iron is one element that is clearly expressed in the Koran. In Surat Al-Hadid, meaning "iron", we are told as follows:
"... And We sent down iron which contained her great strength and variety of benefits for human beings ...." (Qur'an, 57:25)
The word "anzalnaa" which means "we sent down" specific to the iron in this paragraph, can be interpreted metaphorically to explain that iron was created to benefit mankind.But when we consider the literal meaning of this word, namely "a material derived from the sky", we will realize that this verse has a very significant scientific miracle.This is because modern astronomical findings have revealed that the metal iron found on earth we come from giant stars in outer space.Heavy metals in the universe is created and produced in the core of massive stars. However, our solar system do not have a suitable structure for producing iron independently. Iron can only be created and produced in stars that are far greater than the sun, where the temperature reaches several hundred million degrees. When the amount of iron has exceeded a certain limit in a star, the star can no longer bear it, and finally burst through the event called "nova" or a "supernova." As a result of this explosion, meteors containing iron are scattered throughout the universe and they move through a vacuum to the pull of gravity experienced celestial body.All this indicates that the iron element not formed on Earth, but was taken by meteors through the explosions of stars in space, and then "sent to earth", exactly as stated in the verse: It is obvious that this fact can not be known scientifically in the 7th century when a Al Qur'an down
Creation in pairs
"Glory to God who has created all couples, both from what is grown by the earth and of themselves and of what they do not know." (Al Qur'an, 36:36) '
Although the concept of "couple" commonly stands for male and female, or male and female, the phrase "or of what they do not know" in the paragraph above has a wider scope. Now, the scope of another meaning of the verse has been revealed. The British scientist Paul Dirac, who proposed that matter is created in pairs, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1933. This discovery, called "parite", stating that the matter is paired with its opposite: anti-matter. Anti-matter has the opposite properties to matter. For example, in contrast with the material, electron anti-matter is positively charged protons and negatively charged. This fact is stated in a scientific source as follows:"... Every particle has its anti-particle with opposite charges" and the uncertainty relation tells us that the pair creation and pair annihilation happen in a vacuum at any time, in every place. "
Relativity Time
Today, the relativity of time is a scientifically proven fact. This was revealed by Einstein's theory of relativity of time in the early years of the 20th century. Previously, people did not know that time is a relative concept, and it could change depending on the circumstances. Great scientist, Albert Einstein openly proved this fact with the theory of relativity. He explained that the time is determined by the mass and velocity.In human history, no one could express this fact clearly before.But there are exceptions; Al Qur `an already contain information about time's being relative! Some verses about the subject read:
"And they ask thee to hasten the punishment, but Allah will not violate his promise. Truly a day your Lord is like a thousand of your reckoning." (Al Qur'an, 22:47)
"He set the whole affair from heaven to earth, then (matter) is up to Him in one day the measure is a thousand years of your reckoning." (Al Qur'an, 32:5)
"The angels and Gabriel ride (faces) to the Lord in a day whose levels are fifty thousand years." (Al Qur'an, 70:4)
In some verses it is stated that people perceive time differently, and that sometimes people can feel very short of time as something old:
"He will say:` How many years did you live on earth? 'They said: `We stay (on earth) a day or half day, but ask the people who count.` He will say: `You do not stay (on earth) but a little, if you really know '. " (Al Qur'an, 23:122-114)
This proves that Al-Quran is a revelation sent down by Allah and du have been proventrue
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